Japan is catching up with the tradition of
bad newspaper articles, depicting an apocalyptic, post-nuclear vision of the life in the island. If the term "post-nuclear" might apply to a country that has all but one nuclear reactors off the power production grid, many of the personal views expressed in one recent article were especially puzzling. This is an excerpt of the letter I sent to the editors of the daily newspaper. I hope it might be a useful recap of the situation in Japan. The letter did not contain the links (that unfortunately are in italian, but google translate does a decent job).
Dear Sirs,
in reading your article [...] I cannot help but be puzzled by
the content and implications.
[...] in
the article there is no mention of real measurements of environmental or food contamination, only hearsay and very general and unhelpful
comments that would probably better find its place in a personal blog rather
than on a daily newspaper that is widely read by the foreign community in Japan
and by foreigners that are interested on Japan.
The risk in
reading the personal comments and life-style expressed in the article is that
all foreigners are mindlessly scared about radiation and/or that the situation of the radiation in Japan
after the Fukushima accident is out of control.
As you
might be aware, the foreign press in general, and in particular the Italian one,
has been extremely inaccurate and unprofessional in dealing with the accident,
its effects and the risks of radiation in Japan and abroad. This kind of old-maid’s tale articles can be
misinterpreted or voluntarily misused by foreign press to depict an incorrect
situation in Japan and on the people -
foreigners or not - living in
this country.
Some points
that are worth remembering, at least to ease the worries of the author:
1.
Radiation
in Tokyo area is roughly one third than in Rome (0.1 microSv/h vs 0.3microSv/h
and 0.4 at the University of Rome Tor Vergata, near volcanic rocks – personally
measured)
2.
Radiation
on airplanes is 20 times higher than on the ground. Even though we spend less
time on an airplane this is relevant for airline crews.
3.
Radiation
in space is 1000 times higher than on ground. No ill effect have been found on
astronauts who lived for months on the
International Space Station.
4.
Bananas
have 125 Bq/kg of radioactive potassium 40 (higher than the Cesium safety
levels of 100 Bq/kg). It is possible
that the process of eliminating cesium and potassium is different, though. (edit May 2012, here the time of permanence of Cesium in human body).
5. The amount
of food consumed comes into play in calculating the radiation exposure. Five grams of “radioactive” tea, even assuming
the old limit of 500Bq/kg amount to 0.5
Bq.
6.
A
number of independent measurements point to no risk in the food, my colleagues
in Italy have tested personally the amount of cesium in rice of Miyagi-ken and
found 0.1 Bq/kg, less than 1per mil of what found in bananas.
7.
Chernobyl and Fukushima are two completely
different accidents: in the former case the reactor core was exposed and
radioactivity was dispersed in the air. This did not happen in Fukushima plant,
where most of the radiation went in the water.
8.
Cigarettes
contain polonium 210 (the same isotope used to kill the Russian dissident
Litvinienko), present in the tobacco due to fertilizers. A two pack per day
smoker is exposed to 250 mSv/year in the bronchial region, compared to about 1-3mSv/year
of non-exposed persons. In Europe, every
year 5000 people die because of radiation
induced cancers in the lungs (this is about 15% of all cancers in lungs).
9.
The
highest risk of radiation in Europe is due to radon gas seeping through the
underground cracks. This radioactive , but chemically inert gas, can accumulate
in places where air is not changed often.
At this point it should be mentioned that I have
been living with two small children and a Japanese wife since before the
fateful earthquake and accident at the power plant, and that, even though we
took precautions and monitor closely the situation, we do not live in the state
of fear that might be mistaken to be typical of foreigners in Japan. The same
can be said of my colleagues, Japanese and foreigners at RIKEN and the many foreigners living in Japan,
equally puzzled by the tone of the article and the discrepancy with their daily
lives and behavior.
This is not to attempt to deny the tragic
events of the accident and its devastating implications, but to put them in the
correct context and to analyze the situation individually and independently
with real measurements. This is the effort
that has to be painstakingly pursued by everyone.
My main research field is space physics with
satellites and radiation environment studies on astronauts, but I am also
struggling – for what is possible – to inform on the real situation and correct
the excesses and apocalyptic visions that have been evoked in my country since
the Fukushima accident. [...]
I sincerely hope that – in line with your
excellent editorial policy and quality of the articles that have kept us informed of the situation in
Fukushima - of you might publish in the future a “review” article with more
circumstantiated numbers, values and reading,
but also on the life in daily Japan, so
that the general public can be made aware of the current situation. If
possible, please print the main points of this letter on your newspaper.
yours sincerelly....
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It might be worth adding that very cheap and relatively precise geiger counters are available from many shops. Radiation is one of the most easily measurable quantities, also by non-specialists. If you have doubts, it is very easy to make your own measurements.
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